Liquid-level measurement in storage tanks or other vessels is important for avoiding spillage and process upsets. One class of technologies for liquid-level measurement involves measuring the pressure exerted on a gage by the weight of the liquid, and this one-page…
This column is based on “Ammonia Production from Natural Gas – Cost Analysis,” a report published by Intratec. It can be found at: www.intratec.us/analysis/ammonia-production-cost. Ammonia (NH3) is among the most important industrial chemicals, produced by reacting nitrogen and hydrogen in…
An effective Integrity Operating Window (IOW) program — which establishes safe operating limits and acceptable limits of process variation before an asset begins to degrade — can help operators stay ahead of potential repairs and reduce risk A comprehensive asset-integrity…
Various heating or cooling options are described here, along with the factors and design parameters that need to be considered. A sample calculation regarding coils is included Tanks constitute important equipment in the chemical process industries (CPI). Various types of…
In order to correctly size pressure relief valves (PRVs), a robust understanding of discharge coefficients for vapor, liquid and two-phase flow is crucial A pressure relief valve (PRV) is used to prevent the pressure in a process vessel from exceeding…
The advantages and limitations of three powder-testing techniques are reviewed here Powder testing is deployed to characterize products including pharmaceuticals, foods, metal powders, powder coatings and cement — at every stage of the product lifecycle. The resulting data-support product development…
The V-AN Series of self-regulating centrifugal pumps (photo) features a control system that independently adapts to changing feedrates, meaning that when media flows into a vessel, the liquid level rises until the inflow and outflow of the vessel balance out…
This new Diagnostic Tool application — available on Apple, Android and Windows mobile devices — is a quick and simple way for users of Control Techniques’ drives to solve any error codes that the drive may show. Built within the…
Memosens CPS171D pH electrodes (photo) can be sterilized and are autoclavable for use in bioreactors, fermenters and other hygienic and sterile applications. The CPS171D measures the full pH range of 0–14 and operates in temperatures from 32 to 284°F. The…
The EC2B Series (photo) is a new line of enclosures, control stations and accessories for hazardous-location applications. These standard and custom control stations utilize the company’s EU2B line of hazardous location pushbuttons, pilot lights, selector switches, key selector switches, emergency…